Provided is a transparent rare earth aluminum garnet ceramic that has a highlight transmission rate and can be mass produced. The transparent rare earth aluminum garnet ceramic is represented by general formula R3Al5O12 (R is an element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements having an atomic number of 65 to 71) and includes Si and Y as sintering aids, or is represented by general formula R3Al5O12 (R is an element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements having an atomic number of 65 to 70) and includes Si and Lu as sintering aids.