An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a sensor, an antenna, a positioning circuit configured to receive satellite signals through the antenna using a specified frequency band, a resonant frequency adjustment circuit configured to adjust a resonant frequency of the antenna, and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to, identify whether the electronic device is in water using the sensor, when the electronic device is not in water, adjust the resonant frequency to a first frequency band specified according to a first permittivity of air in relation to the specified frequency band using the resonant frequency adjustment circuit, when the electronic device is in water, adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna to a second frequency band specified according to a second permittivity of water in relation to the specified frequency band using the resonant frequency adjustment circuit, receive the satellite signals through the antenna of which the resonant frequency has been adjusted to a frequency band corresponding to one of the first frequency band and the second frequency band using the positioning circuit; and determine a position of the electronic device primarily on the basis of the received satellite signals using the positioning circuit.