The present application discloses an uplink data retransmission method and terminal. The method comprises: a terminal determining whether to spontaneously retransmit first uplink data; and if the terminal determines to spontaneously retransmit the first uplink data, the terminal retransmitting the first uplink data on a physical resource that is pre-configured on a network side. The application adopts the above technical solution to resolve the technical problem in which, for a URLLC service, if a retransmission mechanism is based on a conventional HARQ mechanism, a certain time interval is required between two adjacent transmissions of uplink data, which may result in retransmission being unsupported for a certain time delay requirement and configuration, and as a result a reliability requirement for the URLLC service cannot be met.