A system is provided for testing a component. This system includes a support structure, an excitation system and a sensor system. The support structure is configured to support the component. The excitation system includes a plurality of excitation devices arranged in an array. The plurality of excitation devices at least include a first excitation device, a second excitation device and a third excitation device. The excitation system is configured to respectively control each of the plurality of excitation devices to excite a vibratory response in the component. The sensor system is configured to output data indicative of the vibratory response.