A method for controlling a motion of a robot based on map prediction mainly carries out estimation and calculation for a wall surface by combining an external sensor with internal map information about a robot, so as at least to enable the robot to walk along the estimated wall surface. The method for controlling the motion of the robot based on map prediction can be adapted to various different wall surfaces based on map prediction, including different colors and shapes, thereby reducing an operation time; and the accuracy of map prediction can be continuously corrected during an operation process, thereby realizing a good wall-following behavior.