An exemplary augmentation system accesses imagery captured by a sensor of a first device, identifies a user depicted in the imagery, determines that the user is associated with a second device, determines that the second device is located within a predefined proximity range of the first device, accesses, based on the user being depicted in the imagery and the second device being located within the predefined proximity range of the first device, shared content associated with the identified user, and provides the shared content for display as an augmentation for the imagery captured by the sensor of the first device. Corresponding methods and systems are also disclosed.