According to an embodiment of the present invention, an electronic device for Bluetooth-based data transmission may comprise: a housing; a first communication circuit which is located inside the housing and uses a first band; a second communication circuit which is located inside the housing and uses the first band; a processor electrically connected to the first communication circuit and the second communication circuit; and a memory located inside the housing and electrically connected to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions configured to, when executed, cause the processor to detect a communication state of at least one of the first communication circuit and the second communication circuit, and control retransmission of at least a part of data having been transmitted to an external electronic device via the first communication circuit, on the basis of the detected communication state. Various other embodiments are possible.