A sequence processing method and apparatus are provided. The sequence processing method includes determining a word of a first R-node corresponding to a root node based on an input sequence, generating first I-nodes that are connected to the first R-node and include relative position information with respect to the word of the first R-node, determining a word of a second R-node to correspond to each of the first I-nodes, and determining an output sequence corresponding to the input sequence based on the determined words.