Disclosed are methods for minimizing x-ray scattering artifacts, the method comprising: contacting an object with an x-ray scattering mitigation material. The contacting can comprise coating the x-ray scattering material on the object, including spraying a solution of suspension of an x-ray scattering mitigation material onto the object or dry powder coating the object with a x-ray scattering mitigation material. Alternatively, the contacting can comprise immersing the object in a fluid comprising the x-ray scattering material. The fluid can be a gas, a liquid, or a gel. The disclosed x-ray scattering mitigation material can be optimized for mitigating Compton radiation scattering or for mitigating Rayleigh radiation scattering. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.