Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus and a method for detecting an error of an audio component in an electronic device. The electronic device includes: at least one sound output device; at least one microphone; and a processor, and the processor is configured to identify a deviation related to a loudness of an audio signal acquired through the at least one microphone, and to determine whether an error related to the at least one microphone occurs, based at least on the deviation. Other embodiments are possible.