Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a grant-free uplink transmission method and apparatus. The method includes: determining, based on received configuration information, a target grant-free transmission area and a target air interface transmission parameter corresponding to the target grant-free transmission area, where the target grant-free transmission area is an air interface time-frequency resource formed by using a specified time range and frequency range, and the configuration information includes at least one grant-free transmission area and an air interface transmission parameter corresponding to each grant-free transmission area; and sending uplink data to a base station based on the target grant-free transmission area and the target air interface transmission parameter. In this application, it can be provided that the base station can correctly receive the uplink data.