A filtering model training method includes obtaining N original syllables, obtaining N recognized syllables, and obtaining N syllable distances based on the N original syllables and the N recognized syllables, where the N syllable distances are in a one-to-one correspondence with N syllable pairs, the N original syllables and the N recognized syllables form the N syllable pairs, each syllable pair includes an original syllable and a recognized syllable that correspond to each other, and each syllable distance is used to indicate a similarity between an original syllable and a recognized syllable that are included in a corresponding syllable pair.