A fingerprint identification substrate, a fingerprint identification method and a display device are provided. The fingerprint identification substrate includes a base substrate, a transmitting part and a receiving part provided on the base substrate, and a fingerprint detector. At least a portion of the transmitting part and at least a portion of the receiving part may be provided in a single layer. The transmitting part is configured to generate an ultrasonic signal. The receiving part is configured to receive the ultrasonic signal reflected by a finger, convert the ultrasonic signal into an electric signal, and output the electric signal to the fingerprint detector. The fingerprint detector is configured to determine fingerprint information according to the electric signal output from the receiving part.