An R-T-B based permanent magnet wherein R is one or more rare earth elements, T is Fe and Co, and B is boron. The R-T-B based permanent magnet includes M, C and N, wherein M is two or more selected from Cu, Ga, Mn, Zr, and Al, and includes at least Cu and Ga. A total content of R is ≥29.0 and ≤33.5 mass %, Co content is ≥0.10 and ≤0.49 mass %, B content is ≥0.80 and ≤0.96 mass %, a total content of M is ≥0.63 and ≤4.00 mass %, Cu content is ≥0.51 and ≤0.97 mass %, Ga content is ≥0.12 and ≤1.07 mass %, C content is ≥0.065 and ≤0.200 mass %, N content is ≥0.023 and ≤0.323 mass %, and Fe is a substantial balance.