A pad for a railway rail fastening assembly, the pad being configured for placement between a rail and an underlying foundation, such as slab track or a sleeper, wherein a cross-section of the pad comprises: a second resilient layer configured to face a railway rail; an intermediate rigid layer; and a first resilient layer configured to face an underlying foundation. The rigid layer is provided between and is integrally formed with the first and second resilient layers. An edge of the pad comprises at least one ear that extends beyond a central region of the pad, the rigid layer extending into the ear with the ear being configured to resist rail roll.