Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for image compression and reconstruction. An image encoder system receives a request to generate an encoded representation of an input image that has been partitioned into a plurality of tiles and generates the encoded representation of the input image. To generate the encoded representation, the system processes a context for each tile using a spatial context prediction neural network that has been trained to process context for an input tile and generate an output tile that is a prediction of the input tile. The system determines a residual image between the particular tile and the output tile generated by the spatial context prediction neural network by process the context for the particular tile and generates a set of binary codes for the particular tile by encoding the residual image using an encoder neural network.