The present invention provides a sterilization apparatus and a sterilization method. The sterilization method includes: an operation in which a sterilant injection block for containing a sterilant and providing a sterilant injection path for injecting the sterilant or a vacuum packaging pouch having the sterilant injection block is mounted inside a vacuum chamber; and an operation in which the vacuum chamber is operated in a chamber mode in which the vacuum chamber is used as a sterilization container when only the sterilant injection block is mounted and the vacuum packaging pouch is operated in a pouch mode in which the vacuum packaging pouch is used as a sterilization container when the vacuum packaging pouch is mounted.