The present disclosure relates to a data transmission method and device, a display screen, and a display device, and belongs to the application field of display technology. The method is applicable to a first drive chip in a display device that includes a controller, a plurality of drive chips and a data acquisition apparatus. The first drive chip is one of the plurality of drive chips and connected to the controller and the data acquisition apparatus respectively. The method includes: receiving component-related data acquired by the data acquisition apparatus; and sending backhaul data to the controller, the backhaul data including the component-related data. The present disclosure solves the problem of function singleness of the drive chip. The present disclosure is applicable to drive and control the display device.