The disclosure relates to a method for dyeing keratin fibers, in particular human keratin fibers such as hair, involving the application of a dye composition (A) on the fibers, said dye composition comprising one or more oxidation dyes, one or more scleroglucan gums in a total weight content greater than or equal to 0.5% relative to the total weight of the composition (A) and one or more alkaline agents, and the application of an oxidizing composition (B) comprising one or more chemical oxidizing agents and one or more scleroglucan gums preferably in a total weight content greater than or equal to 0.5% relative to the total weight of the composition (B); the oxidizing composition (B) being mixed with the dye composition (A) just before use (application on said fibers). The disclosure also relates to a multi-compartment device suitable for implementing the method.