Embodiments of this application provide a data processing method and apparatus. The method includes: receiving, by a first device, control information, where the control information includes information about a first resource and information about a HARQ process; receiving, by the first device on a second resource, data associated with the control information; and placing the data into a buffer of a HARQ process of a HARQ entity associated with the first resource. The associated data is sent on the plurality of resources. The initially transmitted data and the retransmitted data are stored in the buffer of the specified process of the specified HARQ entity according to an indication of the control information, to improve a decoding success rate.