Disclosed herein is an artificial intelligence apparatus for performing speech recognition including a microphone configured to receive a speech command of a user, a learning processor configured to determine anaphora included in text data corresponding to the speech command using an anaphora recognition model for determining anaphora included in predetermined text data, and a processor configured to specify an object referred to by the determined anaphora based on context information including information input to or output from the artificial intelligence apparatus, determine a response to the speech command based on the specified object, and control the artificial intelligence apparatus according to the determined response.