A quantum dot color filter substrate, a display panel, and a display device are provided. The quantum dot color filter substrate includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array. The pixel unit includes a blue sub-pixel, a red sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel. The red sub-pixel includes a red quantum dot color filter. The green sub-pixel includes a green quantum dot color filter. An area ratio of the blue sub-pixel, the red sub-pixel, and the green sub-pixel is 1:X:Y, and 2.5≤X≤5, 4≤Y≤6. The quantum dot color filter substrate is used for cooperating with a blue backlight, and for compensating the difference in the conversion efficiency of the blue dot color filter with different colors for the blue light, and improving the color shift phenomenon caused by the difference in the conversion efficiency of the blue dot color filter with different colors to blue light.