An optical transmitter (and methods of transmitting and receiving) includes a delay and modulation circuit configured to receive at least one optical beam and a first data signal (persistent data) and generate at least two or more modulated optical beams having the first data encoded therein. One of the modulated optical beams is a time-delayed or time-shifted version of another one of the modulated optical beams, and both beams are directed toward a target. The amount or time delay between the first and second optical beams can be modulated according to a second data signal (non-persistent data) to encode the second data therein. An optical receiver is configured to detect the two modulated optical beams and recover the first data. Because changes in the amount or time delays between the first and second optical beams results in a positional change in the location of the combined centroid of the received beams at a detector of the receiver, the second data can be recovered by detecting the positional changes.