A laser illumination device and a projection system including the same. The laser illumination device includes a laser source, a light combining assembly, a micro-lens assembly, and a plurality of cylindrical lens assemblies; the plurality of cylindrical lens assemblies are provided in a light transmission path of the laser source; the micro-lens assembly is mounted at one side of the light combining assembly; each cylindrical lens assembly includes a first cylindrical lens array and a second cylindrical lens array; and the first cylindrical lens array and the second cylindrical lens array form a preset angle.