An error monitoring apparatus and method are provided. The error monitoring method includes determining whether or not a predetermined event has occurred to a first mobility; sensing to collect an event-related potential (ERP) for at least one passenger of the first mobility for a predetermined amount of time, analyzing the collected ERP based on the determination, and transmitting error information of the first mobility to a traffic control server based on an analysis result. Herein, the predetermined event includes a traffic accident related at least to the first mobility, and the error information of the first mobility includes at least one of time information regarding when the ERP occurs, a waveform of the ERP, location information of the first mobility, or operational information of the first mobility.