A computing system may repair a database index for a database table by placing a first structural lock on the database table to prevent modifications to the structure of the table. The computing system may scan the database table to determine a plurality of database records. The system may probe the database index for the database records to identify records with missing entries in the index. Based on the probing, the system may place a first data lock on a record of the database table corresponding to a missing index entry to prevent modification of data in the record. In response to placing the first record lock, the system adds an index entry for the locked database record to the database index. During repair of the index, one or more processes may use the database index to locate one of the plurality of database records included in the database table.