A display substrate and a display panel are provided. The display substrate includes a base substrate, and the base substrate includes a display region, a sensing region, and a dummy region; a plurality of sensing pixel units including a first light emitting element and a first pixel circuit are provided in the sensing region, and the first pixel circuit controls a voltage sensor to sense a voltage at a first terminal of the first light emitting element; a plurality of display pixel units including a second pixel circuit and a second light emitting element are provided in the display region; a plurality of dummy pixel units including a third pixel circuit and a third light emitting element are provided in the dummy region; and the first light emitting element, the second light emitting element, and the third light emitting element are all connected to a common voltage terminal.