According to an aspect, a method for pose estimation using a convolutional neural network includes extracting features from an image, downsampling the features to a lower resolution, arranging the features into sets of features, where each set of features corresponds to a separate keypoint of a pose of a subject, updating, by at least one convolutional block, each set of features based on features of one or more neighboring keypoints using a kinematic structure, and predicting the pose of the subject using the updated sets of features.