Provided are a method and a device for performing communication using a non-orthogonal code multiple access scheme in a wireless communication system. A terminal divides a terminal identifier into a first field, a second field, a third field and a fourth field and selects a first reference signal based on the first field and a maximum number of reference signals, a second reference signal based on the second field and the maximum number of reference signals, a third reference signal based on the third field and the maximum number of reference signals, and a fourth reference signal based on the fourth field and the maximum number of reference signals. Based on the first reference signal, the second reference signal, the third reference signal or the fourth reference signal, the terminal transmits contention-based data to a base station.