A modular robot can include a first connection device including a first contact array composed of at least one electrode; a driving device configured to implement movement of the modular robot; and a processor configured to control the first connection device and the driving device, detect fastening of the first connection device with a second connection device of a module device, the second connection device including a second contact array composed of at least one electrode, and in response to identifying the module device based on a contact pattern formed based on the first contact array being in contact with the second contact array, activate at least one of a function of the driving device or a function of the module device.