Provided herein are system, methods and computer program products for identifying duplicate records stored in a database system, comprising: generating a plurality of encrypted match indexes for each of a plurality of records stored in the database system, each of the plurality of encrypted match indexes encrypts a value of each encryption enabled field of a respective one of the plurality of records defined by at least one match rule, creating a cluster of records comprising at least one set containing at least two records of the plurality of records, the at least two records having respective encrypted match indexes corresponding to the at least one match rule, causing identification of duplicate records in the at least one set according to detection of records of the at least one set having respective match indexes matching the at least one match rule, and outputting an indication of the identified duplicate records.