An electronic device according to various embodiments may include: a first structure comprising a reciprocating housing; a second structure including a guide configured to guide sliding movement of the first structure; a flexible display configured to be at least partially inserted inside the second structure or visible to an outside of the second structure by the sliding movement of the first structure; at least one sensor; and at least one processor operatively connected to the flexible display and the at least one sensor, wherein the at least one processor may be configured to: detect a touch on the flexible display through the at least one sensor, detect pressure of the touch through the at least one sensor, determine whether a direction in which the touch moves corresponds to a direction in which the first structure is capable of sliding, based on determining that the direction in which the touch moves corresponds to the direction in which the first structure is capable of sliding, determine whether a change in the detected pressure satisfies a specified condition, based on determining that the change in the detected pressure satisfies the specified condition, control an operation for the sliding movement of the first structure based on a change in the detected pressure, and based on determining that the change in the detected pressure does not satisfy the specified condition, execute a function of an application corresponding to the touch.