The present disclosure provides a test system and a test method for a charging device. The test system for the charging device includes a charging device and a power supply module. The charging device has a switch tube and a control module. The power supply module is coupled to a control electrode of the switch tube and is configured to output a voltage signal to the control electrode of the switch tube, so that a voltage between a first end and a second end of the switch tube is greater than a preset voltage protection value. The control module is configured to determine whether the charging device enters a protection state when the voltage between the first end and the second end of the switch tube is greater than the preset voltage protection value, thereby testing a protection function against abnormal voltage drop of the charging device.