Disclosed is a calibration method for a rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer, wherein linear motion error coefficients, angular motion error coefficients, self-gradient model parameters and scale factors of the rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer are calibrated once by changing linear motion, angular motion, and self-gradient excitations of the rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer. The calibrated linear and angular motion error coefficients are used for compensating for motion errors of the gravity gradiometer online, and the calibrated self-gradient model parameters are used for self-gradient compensation. The calibration method provided by the present invention is easy to operate and not limited by any calibration site, thereby being suitable for programmed self-calibration and realizing an important engineering value.