A transparent composition having UV protection effect is provided, wherein the UV protection effect is improved after the composition is contacted with moisture, such as water or sweat, more than that immediately after the composition is applied, while maintaining high transparency. The transparent composition contains (a) a UV absorbent, (b) an oil component having a refractive index in the range from 1.5 to 1.7, (c) an oil component having a refractive index of not less than 1.3 and less than 1.5, and (d) a powder having a refractive index in the range from 1.45 to 1.55, wherein a mixed oil component obtained by mixing the (b) oil component having a refractive index in the range from 1.5 to 1.7 and the (C) oil component having a refractive index of not less than 1.3 and less than 1.5 has a refractive index in the range from 1.44 to 1.56.