According to an embodiment, a particle beam treatment system includes a storage, an estimator, a target value generator, and a particle beam treatment device. The storage stores therein a respiratory movement model obtained by synchronizing amount of displacement of an affected area of a subject with a signal related to respiration of the subject and performing modeling. The estimator estimates, based on the measured signal related to respiration and the respiratory movement model, amount of displacement of the affected area corresponding to the measured signal. The target value generator generates a target value, which is used for performing movement control on a platform on which the subject is lying down, corresponding to the estimated amount of displacement of the affected area. The particle beam treatment device irradiates, with particle beams, the affected area of the subject on the platform subjected to movement control according to the target value.