The present disclosure relates to encoding method and devices. One example method includes determining N to-be-encoded bits, where the N to-be-encoded bits include information bits and frozen bits, obtaining a first polarization weight vector including polarization weights of N polarized channels, where the N to-be-encoded bits correspond to the N polarized channels, determining positions of the information bits based on the first polarization weight vector, and performing polar encoding on the N to-be-encoded bits to obtain polar-encoded bits.