An electronic device includes a housing including a front plate, a rear plate, and a side member; a display having a first surface visible through the front plate; an inertial sensor; a proximity sensor disposed on a second surface of the display; a processor; and a memory. The memory may store instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to determine a user's posture through the inertial sensor, in response to activation of a specific application using a function of the proximity sensor; determine a movement of the electronic device through the inertial sensor; determine the user's intent to use the display, based on the user's posture and the movement of the electronic device; and determine a configuration value of the proximity sensor, based on the determined intent to use the display.