Implementations set forth herein relate to an automated assistant that can control graphical user interface (GUI) elements via voice input using natural language understanding of GUI content in order to resolve ambiguity and allow for condensed GUI voice input requests. When a user is accessing an application that is rendering various GUI elements at a display interface, the automated assistant can operate to process actionable data corresponding to the GUI elements. The actionable data can be processed in order to determine a correspondence between GUI voice input requests to the automated assistant and at least one of the GUI elements rendered at the display interface. When a particular spoken utterance from the user is determined to correspond to multiple GUI elements, an indication of ambiguity can be rendered at the display interface in order to encourage the user to provide a more specific spoken utterance.