A physical simulation test method for detecting a position of a ponding goaf in the excavation, which relates to physical detection of mines. This method includes: fabricating an experimental model of a composition similar to that of an excavating tunnel; fabricating a transient transmitting coil and receiving coil; connecting the coil to a wire and placing them in model A; connecting the coil to a transient electromagnetometer; injecting water into a trapezoidal goaf through a pre-buried plastic pipe; after the goaf is filled with water, immediately switching the transient electromagnetometer on to collect data; respectively transferring the coil to models B, C and D, injecting water and switching on the transient electromagnetometer to collect data; statistically analyzing detection and imaging results of the four models; and comparing the detection results with the actual data to determine detection accuracy and correction coefficient.