The present disclosure discloses a time synchronous hybrid analog and digital sensor data acquisition system and method, comprising analog sensors, digital modules, digital sensors, hubs for networking a plurality of heterogeneous sensors, a local-area network device and a data processing terminal. The present disclosure solves the problem that data cannot be compared due to time difference in acquisition for the reason that the sampling time of different sensors cannot be synchronized precisely in the existing experiments and practical engineering, and also solves the problems of single function, low integration level and manpower consumption when different sensor instruments work separately. The data acquisition system of the present disclosure can be directly connected to various heterogeneous sensors to realize synchronous acquisition, synchronous transmission and simple and fast operation. The present disclosure greatly increases the time precision, amplitude precision and efficiency of synchronous acquisition, reduces the labor cost, and has wide application prospect.