A radio resource adjustment method includes: receiving a network quality optimization request, sent by a path planning device, carrying a travel path and an estimated moment corresponding to a target location on the travel path through which a mobile terminal passes; matching the travel path with a coverage area of a base station, to determine a base station set to which a signal covering the travel path belongs; generating an optimization policy including configuration information for configuring a radio resource of the base station set based on the corresponding estimated moment; and sending an adjustment command to the network element management device based on the optimization policy, so that the network element management device instructs, based on the adjustment command, a target base station in the base station set to adjust allocation of the radio resource at the estimated moment.