A liveness determining method and apparatus are provided. The liveness determining apparatus includes an optical sensor including at least one optical source; a memory configured to store registered color information; and at least one processor configured to: obtain, from the optical sensor, an input fingerprint image of an object corresponding to the at least one optical source, obtain input color information from the input fingerprint image, compare the input color information and the registered color information, and determine liveness of the object based on a result of the comparing.