An anomaly detection device for detecting anomaly in frames flowing through an in-vehicle network system includes: an obtainer that obtains one or more frames; a first holder holding a first rule defining a rule indicating that when a frame satisfies a first condition based on a source or a destination, the frame is to be transferred; a first frame controller that transfers the one or more frames in accordance with the first rule; a second holder holding a second rule defining a rule indicating that a frame satisfying a second condition is to be determined as being anomalous; and a second frame controller that performs, in accordance with the second rule, an anomaly detection process on each of the one or more frames transferred by the first frame controller. When an anomalous frame is detected, the second frame controller provides or stores a detection result.