The present disclosure provides a surface-treated aluminum material having excellent adhesiveness to resins, on the surface of which an oxide film is formed, the oxide film comprising a surface-side porous aluminum oxide film having a thickness of 20 to 500 nm and a base-side barrier aluminum oxide film having a thickness of 3 to 30 nm, wherein small pores each having a diameter of 5 to 30 nm are formed on the porous aluminum oxide film, and the length of cracks formed in a boundary between the porous aluminum oxide film and the barrier aluminum oxide film is not more than 50% of the length of the boundary, a method for manufacturing the surface-treated aluminum material, and a surface-treated aluminum material-resin bonded body, comprising the surface-treated aluminum material and a resin that covers the surface of the oxide film formed thereon.