Provided is a video decoding method including: obtaining a first motion vector indicating a first reference block of a current block in a first reference picture and a second motion vector indicating a second reference block of the current block in a second reference picture; obtaining a parameter related to pixel group unit motion compensation of the current block, based on at least one of information of the parameter related to the pixel group unit motion compensation and a parameter related to an image including the current picture; generating a prediction block by performing, with respect to the current block, block unit motion compensation based on the first motion vector and the second motion vector and performing the pixel group unit motion compensation based on the parameter related to the pixel group unit motion compensation; and reconstructing the current block. Here, a pixel group may include at least one pixel.