Provided are a configuration method and apparatus for a data transmission structure, which include: acquiring a transmission data parameter group, and configuring, according to a preset configuration order, the transmission data parameter group to obtain a transmission unit, where the preset configuration order is a configuration order determined based on a demand of a transmission service. By the present invention, the problem of unable to transmit uplink control due to an unsuccessful CCA in the related art may be solved, thereby improving the frequency spectrum efficiency.