A system for the axial retention of a holding ring for a bearing for guiding in rotation a rotary shaft of a turbomachine is disclosed. The system includes an annular bearing support and a bearing holding ring that is borne by the annular bearing support. The bearing holder ring includes an upstream ring configured to be brought into contact with the bearing support and a downstream ring that is elastically deformable. The bearing support has a first axial retention element, and the bearing holding ring has a second axial retention element. The first and second axial retention elements are configured to cooperate with one another to axially retain the bearing holding ring in the event of damage to the downstream ring.