An object management system includes an identifier generation device and an object collation device. The identifier generation device includes a generation unit that forms an ink layer on a target object, an imaging unit that images an uneven pattern on a surface of the ink layer, and a registration unit that registers the imaged result in a storage unit. The object collation device includes an imaging unit that images the uneven pattern on the surface of the ink layer formed on the target object, and a recognizing unit that recognizes the target object based on an image of the uneven pattern obtained by imaging.