A device may receive, from a vehicle device, a geographical (e.g., GNSS) location of a vehicle, and may utilize the GNSS location as a determined location of the vehicle when the GNSS location satisfies a first threshold. The device may receive, from the vehicle device, an image identifying reference points associated with the vehicle, and may process the image, with a VPS, to calculate a VPS location of the vehicle. The device may utilize the GNSS location of the vehicle as the determined location when the VPS location fails to satisfy a second threshold, and may calculate, when the VPS location of the vehicle satisfies the second threshold, coordinate sets based on groups of coordinate combinations from the GNSS location and the VPS location. The device may process the coordinate sets, with a model, to determine the determined location, and may perform actions based on the determined location.